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Compiled by Jim Moyer 8/16/2019

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How long in Winchester?


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Probably by 1754 He owns a place in Winchester:

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From Founder Online Footnotes:

Dr. James Craik, an officer and surgeon in the Virginia Regiment, was with GW at Fort Necessity in 1754 and remained his friend until GW’s death.

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Early 1760 he leaves Winchester:

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From Founders Online Footnotes:

4. Craik seems to have remained in Winchester at least until early 1760 and in the Virginia Regiment as well. At the end of the war he settled in Port Tobacco, Maryland. In the ensuing years Craik was a frequent visitor to Mount Vernon and attended GW in his final illness.

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SHORT BIOGRAPHY


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From Founders Online:

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James Craik (c.1730–1814) was born near Dumfries in Scotland and educated in medicine at the University of Edinburgh.

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He emigrated first to the West Indies about 1750.

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He then came to Norfolk where he practiced medicine.

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Craik received a commission as surgeon with the Virginia forces dated 7 Mar. 1754 and an appointment as ensign dated 23 May of the same year.

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In July 1754 he was with GW at Fort Necessity and received a lieutenant’s commission dated before 23 July.

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He remained with the Virginia forces throughout the war.

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After the regiment was disbanded in 1762, Dr. Craik settled on a plantation in Charles County, Md. His marriage to a distant cousin of GW’s produced at least four sons and three daughters, most of whom became frequent visitors at GW’s Mount Vernon.

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After the Revolution Craik moved his family to Alexandria. He continued to practice medicine and was with GW in his last illness.

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NOTES


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To George Washington from William Withers, 22 January 1756

From William Withers

Williamsburg January 22d 1756

Sir

Mr Prentis omitting to send Majr Carlyle the Particulars in each Package ship’d on board the Rawley occasions You the Trouble of this1—I am very sorry for Anderson’s misbehaviour, he was recommended by Capt. Tate, his Owner, as an honest industrious Man, & well qualified for such a Business; but I find he has given sufficient Proof to the contrary, for which I hope he will meet with his Desert. I am Sir Your most obedt humble Servant

Wm Withers

ALSDLC:GW.

1. Withers copied immediately below his signature the invoice, or bill of lading, listing what he and William Prentis had sent up on the Rawley: 100 suits and 54 shirts in 2 hogsheads; 84 dozen stockings “recd from Mr Balfour”; 102 tents in 10 bales; 300 small arms in 12 chests; and 300 cartouche boxes in 6 boxes. Shipped in the care of “Doctr Craik” were 1 chest of medicine, 1 trunk, 1 bundle, 1 “Portmantua,” and 3 saddles and 1 bridle. For Craik’s orders to travel up aboard the sloop, see George Mercer to James Craik, 13 Nov. 1755.

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NOTES


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This

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Wikipedia says he was the illegitimate son of William Craik.

Below says he is the son of Robert Craik, a member of Parliament.

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And was Craik’s family’s gardener the father of John Paul Jones?

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About Dr. James Craik

http://history.amedd.army.mil/surgeongenerals/J_craik.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Craik

James Craik (/kreɪk/; 1730 – 6 February 1814) was Physician General (precursor of the Surgeon General) of the United States Army, as well as George Washington’s personal physician and close friend.

Education and emigration to America

Born on the estate of Arbigland in the parish of Kirkbean, County of Kirkcudbright, Scotland, Craik was the son of Robert Craik, a member of Parliament. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, then joined the British Army after graduation and served as an army surgeon in the West Indies until 1751. Craik then opened up a private medical practice in Norfolk, Virginia, and shortly thereafter relocated to Winchester, Virginia.

French and Indian War career

On 7 March 1754, Craik resumed his military career, accepting a commission as a surgeon in Colonel Joshua Fry’s Virginia Provincial Regiment. While with this force, he became good friends with George Washington, at that time a lieutenant colonel in the regiment. Craik saw a great deal of action in various battles of the French and Indian War. He fought at the Battle of the Great Meadows and participated in the surrender of Fort Necessity, then accompanied General Edward Braddock on Braddock’s unsuccessful attempt to recapture the region in 1755, treating Braddock’s ultimately fatal wounds. Craik then served under Washington in actions in Virginia and Maryland, during various engagements with Indians.

Inter War years

After the war’s end, Craik opened another medical practice at Port Tobacco, Maryland, and on 13 November 1760, he married Mariamne Ewell at her family’s estate, Bel Air, located in Prince William County, Virginia. Marriamne would later become the great-aunt of Richard S. Ewell. They had six sons and three daughters. In 1760, he moved to Charles County, Maryland, where in 1765, he built La Grange near La Plata, Maryland. In both 1770 and 1784 he went on surveying expeditions with Washington, examining military claims in Pennsylvania and what is now West Virginia.

Revolutionary War career

With the outbreak of hostilities during the American Revolution, Craik once more rejoined the army. He served as an army surgeon, ultimately advancing to the second-highest post in army medicine. Craik warned Washington about the plots of the Conway Cabal, and treated the wounds of General Hugh Mercer at the Battle of Princeton and Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette at the Battle of Brandywine. Mercer died of his wounds, but La Fayette was more fortunate.

Washington persuaded him to move his practice to Alexandria, Virginia, where he built his house Vaucluse (plantation), where he died. He also had a town house at 117 South Fairfax Street, 209 Prince Street, and then 210 Duke Street.

Washington summoned Craik out of private practice in 1798 in connection with the Quasi-War against France, installing him as Physician General of the Army on 19 June of that year. After the conclusion of hostilities, Craik mustered out on 15 June 1800.

At Washington’s death

As Washington’s personal physician, Craik was one of three doctors to attend on him during his final illness on 14 December 1799. Washington complained of respiratory distress, described by Craik as “cynanche trachealis”. When Washington proved unable to swallow medicines orally, Craik and the other two physicians (Dr. Elisha C. Dick and Dr. Gustavus Richard Brown) treated his condition with bloodletting, the application of various poultices, and a rectal solution of calomel and tartar. Washington’s condition continued to deteriorate, but Craik and Brown decided against Dick’s suggestion of a tracheotomy (which might have been lifesaving, but likely would have spread the infection and caused sepsis), and Washington died at 10:10 p.m. Brown and Craik co-published an account of their treatment in December 1800.

Craik died in Alexandria in 1814; he is buried in the graveyard of the Old Presbyterian Meeting House in that city.

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Dr. James Craik’s Timeline

1730
1730
Arbigland, Dumfries, Scotland
1814
1814
Age 84
” Vaucluse “, Fairfax Co., Virginia

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https://www.geni.com/people/Dr-James-Craik/6000000017955991758

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https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/craik-james?fbclid=IwAR3vXC31VlYsIV2fH5hndn5-6GzchC3kg03CnvLxJnNeAIeYDydPtk0-1fk

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